/*
 * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.http;

import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;

/**
 * Extension of {@link HttpEntity} that adds a {@linkplain HttpMethod method} and
 * {@linkplain URI uri}. Used in {@code RestTemplate} and {@code @Controller} methods.
 *
 * <p>In {@code RestTemplate}, this class is used as parameter in
 * {@link org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#exchange(RequestEntity, Class) exchange()}:
 * <pre class="code">
 * MyRequest body = ...
 * RequestEntity&lt;MyRequest&gt; request = RequestEntity
 *     .post(new URI(&quot;http://example.com/bar&quot;))
 *     .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
 *     .body(body);
 * ResponseEntity&lt;MyResponse&gt; response = template.exchange(request, MyResponse.class);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>If you would like to provide a URI template with variables, consider using
 * {@link org.springframework.web.util.UriTemplate}:
 * <pre class="code">
 * URI uri = new UriTemplate(&quot;http://example.com/{foo}&quot;).expand(&quot;bar&quot;);
 * RequestEntity&lt;MyRequest&gt; request = RequestEntity.post(uri).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).body(body);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>Can also be used in Spring MVC, as a parameter in a @Controller method:
 * <pre class="code">
 * &#64;RequestMapping("/handle")
 * public void handle(RequestEntity&lt;String&gt; request) {
 *   HttpMethod method = request.getMethod();
 *   URI url = request.getUrl();
 *   String body = request.getBody();
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @author Arjen Poutsma
 * @author Sebastien Deleuze
 * @see #getMethod()
 * @see #getUrl()
 * @since 4.1
 */
public class RequestEntity<T> extends HttpEntity<T> {

    @Nullable
    private final HttpMethod method;

    private final URI url;

    @Nullable
    private final Type type;


    /**
     * Constructor with method and URL but without body nor headers.
     *
     * @param method the method
     * @param url the URL
     */
    public RequestEntity(HttpMethod method, URI url) {
        this(null, null, method, url, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with method, URL and body but without headers.
     *
     * @param body the body
     * @param method the method
     * @param url the URL
     */
    public RequestEntity(@Nullable T body, HttpMethod method, URI url) {
        this(body, null, method, url, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with method, URL, body and type but without headers.
     *
     * @param body the body
     * @param method the method
     * @param url the URL
     * @param type the type used for generic type resolution
     * @since 4.3
     */
    public RequestEntity(@Nullable T body, HttpMethod method, URI url, Type type) {
        this(body, null, method, url, type);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with method, URL and headers but without body.
     *
     * @param headers the headers
     * @param method the method
     * @param url the URL
     */
    public RequestEntity(MultiValueMap<String, String> headers, HttpMethod method, URI url) {
        this(null, headers, method, url, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with method, URL, headers and body.
     *
     * @param body the body
     * @param headers the headers
     * @param method the method
     * @param url the URL
     */
    public RequestEntity(@Nullable T body, @Nullable MultiValueMap<String, String> headers,
            @Nullable HttpMethod method, URI url) {

        this(body, headers, method, url, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor with method, URL, headers, body and type.
     *
     * @param body the body
     * @param headers the headers
     * @param method the method
     * @param url the URL
     * @param type the type used for generic type resolution
     * @since 4.3
     */
    public RequestEntity(@Nullable T body, @Nullable MultiValueMap<String, String> headers,
            @Nullable HttpMethod method, URI url, @Nullable Type type) {

        super(body, headers);
        this.method = method;
        this.url = url;
        this.type = type;
    }

    /**
     * Create a builder with the given method and url.
     *
     * @param method the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc)
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static BodyBuilder method(HttpMethod method, URI url) {
        return new DefaultBodyBuilder(method, url);
    }

    /**
     * Create an HTTP GET builder with the given url.
     *
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static HeadersBuilder<?> get(URI url) {
        return method(HttpMethod.GET, url);
    }

    /**
     * Create an HTTP HEAD builder with the given url.
     *
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static HeadersBuilder<?> head(URI url) {
        return method(HttpMethod.HEAD, url);
    }

    /**
     * Create an HTTP POST builder with the given url.
     *
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static BodyBuilder post(URI url) {
        return method(HttpMethod.POST, url);
    }

    /**
     * Create an HTTP PUT builder with the given url.
     *
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static BodyBuilder put(URI url) {
        return method(HttpMethod.PUT, url);
    }

    /**
     * Create an HTTP PATCH builder with the given url.
     *
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static BodyBuilder patch(URI url) {
        return method(HttpMethod.PATCH, url);
    }


    // Static builder methods

    /**
     * Create an HTTP DELETE builder with the given url.
     *
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static HeadersBuilder<?> delete(URI url) {
        return method(HttpMethod.DELETE, url);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an HTTP OPTIONS builder with the given url.
     *
     * @param url the URL
     * @return the created builder
     */
    public static HeadersBuilder<?> options(URI url) {
        return method(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, url);
    }

    /**
     * Return the HTTP method of the request.
     *
     * @return the HTTP method as an {@code HttpMethod} enum value
     */
    @Nullable
    public HttpMethod getMethod() {
        return this.method;
    }

    /**
     * Return the URL of the request.
     *
     * @return the URL as a {@code URI}
     */
    public URI getUrl() {
        return this.url;
    }

    /**
     * Return the type of the request's body.
     *
     * @return the request's body type, or {@code null} if not known
     * @since 4.3
     */
    @Nullable
    public Type getType() {
        if (this.type == null) {
            T body = getBody();
            if (body != null) {
                return body.getClass();
            }
        }
        return this.type;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
        if (this == other) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!super.equals(other)) {
            return false;
        }
        RequestEntity<?> otherEntity = (RequestEntity<?>) other;
        return (ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(getMethod(), otherEntity.getMethod()) &&
                ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(getUrl(), otherEntity.getUrl()));
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int hashCode = super.hashCode();
        hashCode = 29 * hashCode + ObjectUtils.nullSafeHashCode(this.method);
        hashCode = 29 * hashCode + ObjectUtils.nullSafeHashCode(this.url);
        return hashCode;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("<");
        builder.append(getMethod());
        builder.append(' ');
        builder.append(getUrl());
        builder.append(',');
        T body = getBody();
        HttpHeaders headers = getHeaders();
        if (body != null) {
            builder.append(body);
            builder.append(',');
        }
        builder.append(headers);
        builder.append('>');
        return builder.toString();
    }


    /**
     * Defines a builder that adds headers to the request entity.
     *
     * @param <B> the builder subclass
     */
    public interface HeadersBuilder<B extends HeadersBuilder<B>> {

        /**
         * Add the given, single header value under the given name.
         *
         * @param headerName the header name
         * @param headerValues the header value(s)
         * @return this builder
         * @see HttpHeaders#add(String, String)
         */
        B header(String headerName, String... headerValues);

        /**
         * Set the list of acceptable {@linkplain MediaType media types}, as
         * specified by the {@code Accept} header.
         *
         * @param acceptableMediaTypes the acceptable media types
         */
        B accept(MediaType... acceptableMediaTypes);

        /**
         * Set the list of acceptable {@linkplain Charset charsets}, as specified
         * by the {@code Accept-Charset} header.
         *
         * @param acceptableCharsets the acceptable charsets
         */
        B acceptCharset(Charset... acceptableCharsets);

        /**
         * Set the value of the {@code If-Modified-Since} header.
         * <p>The date should be specified as the number of milliseconds since
         * January 1, 1970 GMT.
         *
         * @param ifModifiedSince the new value of the header
         */
        B ifModifiedSince(long ifModifiedSince);

        /**
         * Set the values of the {@code If-None-Match} header.
         *
         * @param ifNoneMatches the new value of the header
         */
        B ifNoneMatch(String... ifNoneMatches);

        /**
         * Builds the request entity with no body.
         *
         * @return the request entity
         * @see BodyBuilder#body(Object)
         */
        RequestEntity<Void> build();
    }


    /**
     * Defines a builder that adds a body to the response entity.
     */
    public interface BodyBuilder extends HeadersBuilder<BodyBuilder> {

        /**
         * Set the length of the body in bytes, as specified by the
         * {@code Content-Length} header.
         *
         * @param contentLength the content length
         * @return this builder
         * @see HttpHeaders#setContentLength(long)
         */
        BodyBuilder contentLength(long contentLength);

        /**
         * Set the {@linkplain MediaType media type} of the body, as specified
         * by the {@code Content-Type} header.
         *
         * @param contentType the content type
         * @return this builder
         * @see HttpHeaders#setContentType(MediaType)
         */
        BodyBuilder contentType(MediaType contentType);

        /**
         * Set the body of the request entity and build the RequestEntity.
         *
         * @param <T> the type of the body
         * @param body the body of the request entity
         * @return the built request entity
         */
        <T> RequestEntity<T> body(T body);

        /**
         * Set the body and type of the request entity and build the RequestEntity.
         *
         * @param <T> the type of the body
         * @param body the body of the request entity
         * @param type the type of the body, useful for generic type resolution
         * @return the built request entity
         * @since 4.3
         */
        <T> RequestEntity<T> body(T body, Type type);
    }


    private static class DefaultBodyBuilder implements BodyBuilder {

        private final HttpMethod method;

        private final URI url;

        private final HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

        public DefaultBodyBuilder(HttpMethod method, URI url) {
            this.method = method;
            this.url = url;
        }

        @Override
        public BodyBuilder header(String headerName, String... headerValues) {
            for (String headerValue : headerValues) {
                this.headers.add(headerName, headerValue);
            }
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BodyBuilder accept(MediaType... acceptableMediaTypes) {
            this.headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(acceptableMediaTypes));
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BodyBuilder acceptCharset(Charset... acceptableCharsets) {
            this.headers.setAcceptCharset(Arrays.asList(acceptableCharsets));
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BodyBuilder contentLength(long contentLength) {
            this.headers.setContentLength(contentLength);
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BodyBuilder contentType(MediaType contentType) {
            this.headers.setContentType(contentType);
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BodyBuilder ifModifiedSince(long ifModifiedSince) {
            this.headers.setIfModifiedSince(ifModifiedSince);
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public BodyBuilder ifNoneMatch(String... ifNoneMatches) {
            this.headers.setIfNoneMatch(Arrays.asList(ifNoneMatches));
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public RequestEntity<Void> build() {
            return new RequestEntity<>(this.headers, this.method, this.url);
        }

        @Override
        public <T> RequestEntity<T> body(T body) {
            return new RequestEntity<>(body, this.headers, this.method, this.url);
        }

        @Override
        public <T> RequestEntity<T> body(T body, Type type) {
            return new RequestEntity<>(body, this.headers, this.method, this.url, type);
        }
    }

}
